Sunday, August 23, 2020

Social Inequality and Race Free Essays

Running head: SOCIAL INEQUALITY amp; RACE Social Inequality and Race Markus Nehlsen ETH/125 Megan Burke April 21, 2012 Identified Group To pick an ethnic or racial gathering which I have a place with can be simple for the individuals who see my physical appearance however it very well may be hard for me to choose. The racial gathering I have consistently asserted and related to is White non-Hispanic or Caucasian. To decide my specific ethnic gathering is muddled in light of the fact that I was embraced; be that as it may, I was raised by a German mother and Caucasian dad, so I can sort myself in with German-American ethnic gathering. We will compose a custom paper test on Social Inequality and Race or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now As I take a gander at the decisions I can best connect with, I accept the best choice for me is White non-Hispanic or Caucasian racial gathering. Cooperations It is hard to pinpoint how races interface with one another. Truly in the over a significant time span separation and preferences have happened against minority gatherings, similar to African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans. As per Eitzen (2000), the basic element of the minority group’s status is its second rate social situation, where its inclinations are not viably spoken to in the political, financial, and social foundations of the general public. In this perspective Whiteness is the ordinary or a characteristic condition. Eitzen (2000) further clarifies this is a bogus image of race. In all actuality, the racial request shapes the lives surprisingly, even Whites who are advantaged by the framework. Similarly as social classes exist according to one another, races are characterized, looked at, and decided comparable to different races. Social Inequalities There are a few people that will contend that social imbalances do exist due to race. Eitzen (2000) expressed that the United States currently faces genuine new racial issues. These issues remember the expanding seclusion of minorities for focal urban communities, developing minority joblessness, and different types of monetary disengagement. The American Prospect (2007) expressed that poor African Americans were delineated as particularly broken and undeserving of help, with an accentuation on viciousness, poor decisions, and reliance. It further clarifies that the dark underclass shows up as a hazard and a wellspring of social confusion in news records of dark urban wrongdoing, group brutality, medicate use, adolescent pregnancy, mobs, vagrancy, and general aimlessness. For example, minorities are over-spoken to in jail cells contrasted with white individuals. Not really in numbers, however relatively. This is contended, that it’s in light of the fact that the White race is progressively ensured, they can bear the cost of better legal counselors, get particular treatment by judges, and that that the minority bunches are regularly focused in tranquilize busts and group enrollment captures more frequently than Whites. Schaefer (2012) calls attention to that downtown drive-by shootings have come to be viewed as a race-explicit issue deserving of nearby authorities tidying up grieved neighborhoods. However, schoolyard shootouts are seen as a cultural concern and set on the national plan Racial Prejudice Causes According to Schaefer (2012), racial bias is frequently used to legitimize keeping a gathering in a subordinate monetary position. Strife scholars, specifically, stress the job of racial and ethnic threatening vibe as a path for the predominant gathering to keep its situation of status and force flawless. Rivalry is a gigantic factor in the reasons for racial biases. Let’s state that one Black medical attendant and one White attendant are seeking an administrator position, this opposition could prompt racial threatening vibe in the event that one sees the other being employed before them in light of race. It may be the case that more instruction gives a more extensive viewpoint and makes an individual more averse to underwrite fantasies that support racial bias. In the event that individuals are in rivalry, as effectively noted, contact may uplift pressure. Be that as it may, uniting individuals to share a typical assignment has been appeared to diminish sick sentiments when these individuals have a place with various racial, ethnic, or strict gatherings. The key factor in decreasing threatening vibe, notwithstanding equivalent status contact, is the nearness of a shared objective. (Schaefer, 2012) Conclusion According to Marti (n. d. ) most of White Americans will neglect the unmistakable encounters of other racial and ethnic gatherings since they will in general accept segregation is not, at this point an issue. They feel that America is a solidly settled meritocracy on the grounds that unmistakable African Americans are fruitful in sports and amusement and on the grounds that the through and through forswearing of access to occupations, lodging, and open housing is currently illicit. Race is a social development, and this procedure benefits the oppressor, who characterizes who is favored and who isn't. The acknowledgment of race in the public arena as a certifiable class permits the racial hierarchy to rise to the upside of the predominant races. (Schaefer, 2012) References The American Prospect. (2007) Inequality, Race, and Remedy. Recovered from http://prospect. organization/article/imbalance race-and-cure Eitzen, D. Stanley (2000) Social Problems (eighth Ed. ). : Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Recovered from http://dmc122011. delmar. edu/socsci/rlong/issues/chap-08. htm Gerald Marti. (n. d. ) Racial and Ethnic Dynamics among Contemporary Young Adults. Recovered from http://www. changingsea. net/articles/Marti. pdf Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (thirteenth ed. ). : Prentice-Hall. Step by step instructions to refer to Social Inequality and Race, Papers

Friday, August 21, 2020

Strategic Analysis A Case Study of Woolworths Ltd

Vital Analysis A Case Study of Woolworths Ltd Official Summary This report investigations in detail the general condition in which Woolworth grocery store works with a perspective on recognizing specific territories where the administration needs to place in estimates that can improve development and execution. Woolworth is a retail chain built up in both Australia and New Zealand and which principally bargains in foodstuffs.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Strategic Analysis: A Case Study of Woolworths Ltd explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The chain has additionally enhanced its activities, wandering into different business regions like managing in the oil business and food cafés inside its premises. The chain has effectively settled itself as a market chief in the retail business, building up stores in significant urban communities in both Australia and the New Zealand. Woolworth’s advertise authority was principally accomplished through arrangement of value administration to its demographic and tuning in to client requests and requests and executing them suitably. This report assesses the solid financial and worlds of politics inside which Woolworth works. Different components that contribute monstrously to the development and execution of the grocery store chains incorporate its inward factors and abilities, for example, its solid intrigue to keep, draw in and look after clients, the market hindrances constrained by the chains which keep new participants under control just as the business expansion that guarantees benefit amplification for the organization. Presentation Woolworths Limited is a retail organization situated in Australia and whose activities spread over the outskirts to the neighboring New Zealand. The retailer chain bargains in a various of products and enterprises including food, alcohol, lodging administrations, among numerous others. Since its arrangement in 1924, Woolworths has been an example of overcoming adversity in the retail busin ess, extending quick to set up auxiliaries and procuring other retail marks on its development way. Today, the chain has an immense workforce of more than 191,000 and brags of A$2.14 billion in benefits according to the most recent figures recorded by close of business in 2011. (Chang, S Singh, H 2011,p.740). This paper examinations the company’s business procedure, researching its full scale condition just as checking its serious condition and breaking down its capabilities to the extent assets are concerned.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background data Woolworths Ltd is an open possessed organization with its investors base surpassing 420,000 individuals, 40,000 of whom are legitimately utilized by the organization (Woolworths Supermarkets 2011). The main Woolworths store was opened in downtown Sydney on December fifth, 1924 with an ostensible capital of just  £25,000. The company’s starting 11,707 offers were held by 29 individuals, five of whom were the authors. Woolworths spearheaded the conduction of exchanges utilizing sales enlists; every buy was joined by a receipted printed by means of the sales register. The amasses up the main worldwide branch in New Zealand in 1929 which managed all in all product. As a component of its extension program, the chains obtained Foodland general stores and Progressive Enterprises, bringing the complete number of Woolworths’ stores in Australia today to 750. Woolworths brand has today enhanced its business into 5 significant divisions which incorporates markets that predominantly stocks family units and staples. The alcohol division sells liquor items through Safeway Liquor, BWS which represents Beer Wine Spirits, Dan Murphy’s, Woolworth’s alcohol and Cellarmasters. The inn division is served by ALH Group while the general store chains additionally wandered int o the oil business through an association manage Caltex. Different divisions incorporate the shopper gadgets, General product and Home improvement (Woolworths Supermarkets 2011). Large scale Environment Analysis for the Industry The full scale condition examination considers outer powers whose impact in one manner or different influences the exhibition of the retail business when all is said in done and Woolworth markets specifically. Players in any business industry frequently come up short on the capacity to control these outside powers. World of politics The closer financial relations among Australia and New Zealand have profited Woolworth business execution for quite a while. The two nations have built up Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement, ANZCERTA, which consolidates the two economies and in this way furnishes Woolworth with the opportunity to work in the developed economy (Woolworths Supermarkets 2011).Advertising We will compose a custom report t est on Strategic Analysis: A Case Study of Woolworths Ltd explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two nations likewise appreciate political strength which is an ideal domain for working together. This is a decent confirmation for investors, both local and remote, that their venture is protected and it is a motivator to them to include significantly more. The 2011 IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook positioned Australia and New Zealand in positions 3 and 5 separately, which is a decent pointer that the two economies offer an ideal domain for business movement. With proceeded with political solidness, Woolworth is ready to develop and grow significantly more the same number of financial specialists are guaranteed of security if they choose to place their cash into the endeavor. There are no feelings of trepidation of political wars and uprisings that can influence the company’s business execution Economic components Australia and New Zealand offer monetarily s table condition that is useful for business action. The two nations, in contrast with different countries, have a high expectation for everyday comforts. The World Bank recognized Australia as a rich nation in 1995 while the country’s GDP hit the $ 1 trillion imprint in 2006. The economy’s development has been appraised at 3.3% per annum with one of the most elevated Purchasing Power Parity, PPP on the planet. In 2004, Australia’s PPP was recorded at $30,700. The nation has exceptionally low swelling and loan fees with perhaps the best framework on the planet. Its training offices are of cutting edge quality while a dominant part of the populace are rich. The World Health Organization ensures Australia’s crime percentages to be among the most minimal in the entire world. New Zealand has an expected Purchasing Power Parity PPP of US$28,250 which is generally high. The economy is comprised of assembling ventures just as an energetic help division which toge ther commendation the rural area. The country’s ostensible GDP is the 51st on the planet at $157.877 with a for every capita pay of $35,374 (Wright, P.1987, p.93).Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More New Zealand’s economy has been on the ascent since 1984 after fast rebuilding that changed the economy to a changed one. Joblessness has tumbled to a record 3.4 percent in 2007 which was the fifth most minimal in OECD countries. The worldwide downturn of 2009, be that as it may, influenced the country’s economy contrarily fundamentally on the grounds that the nation exceptionally relies upon global pattern. The budgetary crunch pushed joblessness rates among the young to high figures of 17.4% in June 2011. Australia’s stable economy with the high expectations for everyday comforts of her populace predicts a worthwhile market for Woolworth’s business execution. More nationals have a high buying power due to the country’s high per capita salary and extremely low joblessness levels. Remote nationals who visit the nation in enormous numbers likewise make a gigantic lump of the market as they try different things with the one of a kind merchandise and en terprises offered in Australia. New Zealand is on the recuperation way of her economy following awful financial occasions somewhere in the range of 2008 and 2011. With the recuperation anticipates course, the nation has been encountering a mind gain as more experts who had picked to look for better work in Europe and America troop back. This suggests the country’s expectations for everyday comforts are set to improve in the momentary period as the issue of joblessness is handled. New Zealand’s Purchasing Power Parity is likewise relatively high and an improved expectation for everyday comforts for the whole populace will demonstrate considerable for the general execution of Woolworth. Socio-social components Woolworth has received a green way of life in its 2007-2015 supportability procedure. This suggests the organization is progressively mindful of practices that hurt the earth and has in this way embraced natural neighborly practices to benefit its customers and the general public on the loose. More customers are aware of their condition and couldn't imagine anything better than to buy and belittle things and merchandise that are natural. Woolworth further tends to singular needs of its clients by offering proficient and quick types of assistance. The natural mindfulness that is completed by the general store affixes keeps on drawing in more customers as everybody today couldn't imagine anything better than to be related with clean condition. Mechanical variables Woolworth keeps on putting vigorously in data correspondence innovation as it targets improving help conveyance and consumer loyalty. The self-checkout machine is because of the company’s activity and has kept on being imitated by different players in the business because of its comfort in business execution (Woolworths Supermarkets 2011). The machines were presented in 2008 and empower clients to examine, gauge, just as pay for their gained merchandise through charge, credit o r money cards. The Service Oriented Architecture is one more mechanical activity by Woo

Wednesday, July 8, 2020

Respiratory Ãare Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) - 2750 Words

Respiratory Ñare: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) (Essay Sample) Content: Annotated Bibliography: Respiratory careNameInstitutionDateOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Grady, N. P., Murray, P. R., Ames, N. (2012). Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: does the evidence support the practice? JAMA, 307(23), 2534-2539.This article defines Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) as one of the joint infection in patients and that it requires endotracheal tubes with ventilation. The author characterizes VAP with long ICU hospitalization days, high hospital bills, high mortality, and a wide duration of mechanical ventilation (Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Grady et al.,2012). This paper clearly points out how difficult it is to diagnose VAP, its risk, and prevention strategies.The author describes the difficulty of diagnosing VAP by highlighting a case in the National Institute of Health Clinical Centre, where a woman was admitted. The woman was admitted due to worsening diarrhea and abdominal pains. A CT scan was performed on the chest and abdomen. She was intubated and extubated af ter eight days of improvement. Later on, her health failed again and was re-intubated but this time she did not survive death. There was difficulty in recognizing that the woman had a VAP infection.The article explores on prevention strategies of VAP and dwells on the bundle strategy (Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Grady et al.,2012). He describes bundles as a set of processes that when issued as a group give more appealing results than when they are published individually. The author also notes that there is no reported information of reduced VAP cases because of using the bundles strategy. VAP is, therefore, an infection whose diagnosis process is complicated and its prevention strategies have not been fully established.Azab, S. F., Sherbiny, H. S., Saleh, S. H., Elsaeed, W. F., Elshafiey, M. M., Siam, A. G., ... Gheith, T. (2015). Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in the neonatal intensive care unit using "VAP prevention Bundleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : a cohort study. BMC infectious diseases, 15(1), 314.This paper dwells on the use of bundles approach to prevent VAP. VAP is a persistent radiographic infiltrates and in infants is worsening gas exchange for those infants ventilated for more than forty-eight hours (Azab et al., 2015). The authors base their arguments on a study that was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Zagazig University in Egypt.The paper describes in detail how the study was conducted. The study took place in three periods; phase 1, the intermediate phase, and phase 2. The first took place for six months and involved a detailed summary of health institutes on the bundles approach. The intermediate took place for three months and involved the signing of documents by health providers. The last phase took place for six months that were used to access the efficiency of the bundles approaches (Azab et al., 2015).The researchers discovered that there was no difference in the mortality rates in phase 1 and phase 2 (Azab et al., 2015). They also found out the main infection-causing organism was known as Klebsiella pneumonia. The researchers also discovered that there was a reduction in VAP rates in NICU after application of the preventive bundles. The bundle included head elevation of a patient, hand hygiene, proper sterilization of respiratory care equipment, and using sterile water in the humidification system. The researchers also found out that there was a greater desired outcome when the bundles are applied together. The end research results show that there is reduced VAP infection during neonatal ventilation (Azab et al., 2015). Evidently, VAP will reduce when the bundles are applied in the right manner and adhered to strictly.Alsadat, R., Al-Bardan, H., Mazloum, M. N., Shamah, A. A., Eltayeb, M. F., Marie, A., ... Kherallah, M. (2012). Use of ventilator associated pneumonia bundle and statistical process control chart to decrease VAP rate in Syria. Avicenna journal of medicine, 2(4), 79.The author of this article ac knowledges the high costs, long hospitalization days, and high mortality that is associated with VAP. This editorial evaluates the implementation the VAP bundle in intensive care units for the mechanically ventilated patients to decrease VAP rates. The paper dwells on an eight-month study research.According to this article, the study was conducted in four teaching hospitals in Damascus. Compliance rates and VAP rates were observed in control charts. In hospital 1, the compliance rates increased from 33% to 91%, whereas the VAP rate decreased from 30 to 6.4 per 1000ventilator days. In hospital 2, the rate of conformity rose from 33% to 86% and the VAP rate increased 13 to 24 per 1000 ventilator days. In hospital 3, the compliance rate increased from 83% to 100% and the VAP rate decreased from 12 4.9 per 1000 ventilator days (Alsadat et al.,2012). There were no results in hospital four since the VAP bundle was not applied here (Alsadat et al.,2012).The author points out that studies t hat show that reduced VAP rates using VAP bundles are related to improvements in clinical outcomes. However, it is evident that where the bundle has not been implemented, then there will be no reduction rates in VAP as was in hospital 4. The difference in the results was due to several factors such as lack of nursing leadership, and lack of structured competency skills testing (Alsadat et al.,2012). The VAP bundle prevention method is, therefore, reliable in the prevention of VAP. Its success depends on the corporation of the hospital administration, physicians and the ICU personnel.Gu, W. J., Gong, Y. Z., Pan, L., Ni, Y. X., Liu, J. C. (2012). The impact of oral care with versus without tooth brushing for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care, 16(5), R190.In this article, the writer tries to establish whether oral care with tooth brushing can reduce VAP rates. The oral cavity provides a b reeding site for microorganisms responsible for VAP (Gu et al., 2012). The author criticizes previous attempts by researchers to establish the role of tooth brushing on VAP on ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.The author goes into detail and discusses how he conducted his research. He says that the study was conducted by use of search engines such as Google Scholar to key out major points on tooth brushing or dental. The research evaluated the relevance of randomized controlled trials.According to the paper, the search produced 148 relevant works. In four studies, composing of 828 patients, the tooth brushing did not reduce the VAP rates on patients, neither did it reduce the mortality rates (Gu et al., 2012). The research also looked into a nonrandomized study that showed an association of tooth brushing with some reduced level of VAP. This research is not reliable since the results are obtained from a non-randomized study.The author finally acknowledges that oral care with or without tooth brushing does not significantly impact on the incident of VAP on ill patients that have been mechanically ventilated. However, this remains unclear since the research control trials were small scale and not well designed.Lawrence, P., Fulbrook, P. (2011). The ventilator care bundle and its impact on ventilatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ associated pneumonia: a review of the evidence. Nursing in Critical care, 16(5), 222-234.This article attempts to show the relationship between care bundles and VAP reduction. The author starts by defining a bundle as more than two interventions that are grouped together. The Ventilator care bundle comprises four measures that are grouped together. The author attempts to establish other the relationship between VAP and VCB through research for related articles (Lawrence Fulbrook, 2011).From the editorial, the research was conducted using Medline and PubMed databases. The research produced ten research results (Lawrence Fulbrook, 2011). Fr om the results, effects of VCB were mostly on VAP rates, mortality, and ICU and ventilator days. However, the ten research findings were limited in their designs since they did not have control, groups. The author puts it out that the relationship between VCB and VAP is not definite.According to the author, in clinical practice VCB relates to reduced VAP rates, though the evidence is not clear enough. Further and detailed research in VCB still needs to be established. Evidence-based practice is required to implement the research and ensure its compliance. This article did not secure the proof of its research, but still depicts that VCB causes a reduction in VAP rates.BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Rello, J. (2012). clinical microbiology and infection. ps vall d'Hebron: online.This paper explores the advantage of implementing care bundles to ICU patients. According to (Rello, 2012) the care bundles improves the patient health outcome by promoting changes in patient care and encouraging guidel ines compliance. The bundles help in the prevention of Ventilated-Associated Pneumonia (VAP).The objectives of the care bundles are to determine the impact of implementing a care bundle for VAP prevention on VAP rates and duration of mechanical ventilation. In addition, it determines any existing relationship between care bundles compliance and other outcomes and assessment of compliance level.The idea to promote patient safety in the ICU was developed by Catalonian quality improvement collaborative strategy. The strategies included; not implementing ventilator circuit changes unless clinically indicated and the incorporation of sedation into control patient care. Also, it involved the use of strict hand hygiene using alcohol-based antiseptic before manipulating the air ways, oral care and intra-cuff pressure control. Hand washing and intra-cuff pressure reduced the risk of developing VAP.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Essay about Biology Study Guide - 989 Words

II. BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR Objective II.1 Identify the basic components of the neuron. Key Terms neuron dendrites axon cell body (soma) Exercises 1. What is a neuron? Neurons are individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information 2. Label each part of the neuron. 1.Soma 2.Dendrites 3.Myelin sheath 4.Axon [pic] Objective II.2 Define action potential, and explain the processes that occur when a neuron is activated. Key Terms action potential resting potential Exercises 1. Number the events in the action potential in the order in which they occur.†¦show more content†¦__________EEG_________________ produces images of brain structure and function C. _______PET scan____________ produces images of metabolic activity in the brain D. _________CT scan___________ uses X-rays to produce images of brain structures E. ________MRI_______________ uses magnetic impulses to produce images of brain structures Objective II.8 Identify the medulla and cerebellum, and describe their functions. Key Terms brain stem medulla cerebellum Exercises 1. Fill in the chart: |Structure |Function | |Medulla |Responsible for regulating largely unconscious functions | | |Such as breathing and circulation | |Cerebellum |Structure that coordinates fine muscle movement, balance | | | | Objective II.9 List the processes regulated by the hypothalamus. Key Terms hypothalamus Exercises 1. List the four processes that are regulated by the hypothalamus: A.Show MoreRelatedBiology Study Guide477 Words   |  2 PagesBiology Qs 2 (a) (i) A = HUMAN LIVER (ii) B = HUMAN RED BLOOD CELLS (iii) C = MOSQUITO INTESTINE (iv) D = MOSQUITO SALIVARY GLAND 2 (b) Adult flatworm releases egg: INSIDE HUMAN HOST Egg hatches to become miracidium larva: FREE LIVING IN FRESH WATER Miracidium larva becomes a cercaria larva: INSIDE SNAIL HOST Cercaria larva develops into an adult flatworm: INSIDE HUMAN HOST 2 (c) The plasmodium parasite would be most susceptible to human antibodies between the moment of initial infectionRead MoreBiology of Cancer Study Guide1184 Words   |  5 PagesCancer Biology Section 1 Study questions What is lifetime risk of getting cancer for men and women in US? Male-1:2 Female-1:3 Which cancer are men mostly likely to get in the US? Women? Male-Prostate Female-Breast Which cancers are the most deadly and least deadly (US)? 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

America And The Great War Essay - 1326 Words

America and the Great War Throughout history there has been competition for resources and domination. This competition has led to conflicts that have caused destruction, social disruptions and death. World War I was no exception to this competition. World War I was known as the war to end all wars and was caused by a combination of factors. Some causes of World War I was nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the main cause which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip of Serbia. While the United States attempted to remain neutral and stay out of the war, Germany choose actions that gave the U.S. no choice but to enter and help their Allies defeat the other powers. Militarism preferred force as a solution to problems, which was one of many things that led to World War I. Nations mobilized their military to show support for their alliances and as a method of inflicting fear to their enemies. This led to development of more military equipment and incr ease in the number of troops. When one nation improved their military, the other nations felt they needed to build a better one. Eventually alliances were formed between nations to ensure that no country became stronger and powerful than the others. Imperialism made countries want to aspire to increase wealth and power by making other territories be under their rule. Countries competed for overseas territories in search of raw materials and market for their goods. It created rivalry inShow MoreRelatedAmerica And The Great War1961 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica and the Great War At the turn of 19-20 centuries, capitalism has evolved into imperialism. The world was almost completely divided between the major powers. Unbalance of economic and socio-political development of the countries increased. 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Political Dynasty free essay sample

The Philippine Constitution is a Social Contract which embodies the fundamental principles and policies, according to which the Filipino people are governed by the State. The fundamental principles are abstract and as such they cover every aspect of the life of the Filipino people; while the fundamental policies cover specific areas of application of those principles. The fundamental principles remain fixed and permanent, but the policies built upon those principles can be modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs of the times. The title is product of my out of the box philosophizing about the provisions of Section 1 and Section 26 taken together of Article II of our Constitution. I must say that philosophizing does not tell us my conclusions and/or thoughts are right or wrong, true or false, but it has certainly given me the basis upon which to present my meta-understanding of Section 1 and Section 26: Article II, Section 1 says: â€Å"The Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. † This is the most basic principle of the Constitution, and it refers to a natural law as formulated and accepted in the mind; it refers also to essential truth upon which other truths are based. Article II, Section 26: â€Å"The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. † This is a policy built upon the principle of Section 1, and it refers to a planned line of conduct in the light of which individual decisions on political dynasties are made and coordination is achieved. Moreover, political dynasties refer to the line of politicians of the same families. Every coin has two inseparable opposite sides – the head and the tail yet they complement each other as they are opposed to each other to constitute only one coin. Similarly, the political issue on dynasty has two opposite yet complementary sides (a) â€Å"the principle of political dynasty† of Section 1 and (b) the â€Å"the policy of political dynasty† of Section 26. Both Sections constitute one Article II. The policy of Section 26 names the specific area of application of the principle of Section 1 of the same Article II. The policy of Section 26 is built upon the basic principle of Section 1. Moreover, the fundamental principle of Section 1 remain fixed and permanent, but policies of Section 3 can be are modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs and demands of the times. The People: The Creators and Masters of Political Dynasties The phrase â€Å"sovereignty resides in the people, and all government authority emanates from them† clearly shows that the people are the habitat of the sovereignty. However, â€Å"people† have two distinct yet mutually complementary meanings, namely, â€Å"people as electorate† which is the source of political power of elected politicians and â€Å"people as corporate nation† which is the reason for being of elected politicians. These â€Å"dual meanings of people† effectively signify that the elected politicians are â€Å"public servants† of the people; hence the people are their â€Å"boss and master† in our democratic and republican state, not the way around By virtue of their sovereign power, the people are superior to any and all existing political dynasties, whose reason for being is service to their masters, the people. On moral grounds, the people must be awakened to the reality that they are the boss of political dynasties, and therefore they have no reason to fear the, before, during, and after political elections. Centrality of Morality in the Constitution The centrality of morality to our Constitution is evident in the Preamble, in the imploration to Almighty God for aid to build a just and humane society and to establish a Government that shall embody the Filipino ideals and aspirations and promote their common good under a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace. The rest of the Constitution revolves around these moral ideals and moral values. These are the moral foundations of the Social Ethics Society. There are socio-economic phenomena in many areas of the country where the life-style and the exercise of political power by political dynasties is betrayal of public trust, because it is not in accord with the following moral imperatives and criteria of right and wrong in public service: â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest life†. (Article X on Accountability) Every elected politician in the public service is bound to abide by those mandates. Congress had passed anti-graft and anti-corruption laws, e. g. RA No. 6713, also known as Code of Ethics for Government Officials and Employees, in the public service. However, it appears that many of our elected politicians pay only â€Å"lip service† to anti-Graft and Anti-Corruptions laws. For instance, there are widespread phenomena of bribery and corruption in the public service, reportedly perpetuated by corrupt politician, many of whom are allegedly members of political dynasties. Centrality of Morality to Legality The Preamble provides the moral grounds and the foundation of ethical politics of several Articles of the Constitution. No statutory law is enforceable if it is unconstitutional; and the Constitution cannot be enforced if it is immoral. The bottom line any enabling law on political dynasty is legally binding upon the Filipinos, only if it is constitutional and moral. A law that is moral is always constitutional, but a law that is constitutional is not necessarily moral. A Moral and Ethical Proposal I believe the policy of Section 26 which â€Å"prohibits political dynasties as may be defined by law† has two distinct opposite sides, (1) â€Å"the letter of the Constitution† which is the legalistic side, and (2) the â€Å"spirit of the Constitution† which is the ethical side. The pro-political dynasty advocates and promoters behave in accord with legal politics. Their action is legal so long as there is no law defining and enabling the constitutional prohibition against political dynasties. Therefore, the anti-dynasty advocates and promoters should stand on moral and ethical grounds against political dynasties. It is my proposal on moral and ethical grounds that the anti-dynasty advocates should develop and promote the concept of â€Å"political dynasty of the people† based on the principle of Section 1 face-to-face the â€Å"political dynasties of oligarchs† based on the policy of Section 26 but built upon the principle of Section 1. When there is a conflict between a principle and its policy, the principle should prevail over its policy. Moral, Ethical, and Legal Practices in Politics Moral and ethical are similar in meaning in that they both have to do with the difference between right and wrong. They are dissimilar in meaning in that ethical tends to refer to a code, system, theory, or standard of judging rightness or wrongness of moral behavior; whereas moral tends to refer to more concrete choices and issues that arouse strong feelings. In other words, moral refers to good and evil, while ethical refers to right and wrong. Because of the untruthful disclosure of his SALN per Code of Ethics, former SC Chief Justice Renato Corona was found ethically wanting for which he was impeached, despite his superior legalistic knowledge of law; Hence, we could say that â€Å"what is moral is always ethical, but what is ethical is not necessarily moral. † Hence, when an elected politician acts according to RA 6714, his behavior is ethical as well as legal â€Å"what is ethical is always legal, but what is legal is not necessarily ethical†. The Pursuit of Ethical Politics Our major problem in the pursuit of ethical politics is the lack of political will on the part of the people as electorate. Let us awaken and educate their political consciousness, and empower their political will by making them conscious of their being the political dynasty that is superior over all existing political dynasties of oligarchs† per mandate of Article II, Section 1 that the people are the habitat of sovereign power, but the exercise of such pwer is delegated and vested upon elected politicians. Assume that Congress would never pass the law enabling the policy against political dynasties; let us then resort to the principle of Section 1 in Article II. This principle does not require any enabling law because it is precisely the ultimate basis of all enabling laws. This is the principle why the political candidates try to win the votes of the people during political campaigns. We have indeed laws prescribing the requirements of the policy to vote. The Social Ethics Society can start the movement to marginalize the political dynasties,, if not altogether eliminate them eventually from the political landscape of the Philippine.

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

Your friend Dimitri has invited you to his graduat Essays

Your friend Dimitri has invited you to his graduation party. Write an e-mail/letter accepting the invitation and asking what you can do to help. Dear Dimitri, It was great to hear from you. I am sorry I haven't for such a long time. I hope everything is going well for you and your family. You can't imagine my excitement when I was informed about your graduation. Congratulations. Thank you so much for your invitation to your graduation party. I would love to come and help in whatever way possible. Your house has a great garden so I hope the weather will let us to enjoy the party over there. I believe that you should build a lively atmosphere so everyone feels more comfortable. In order to achieve that you should add more flowers, colorful balloons, ribbons and some fireworks. Furthermore concerning food and drinks you could prepare some home-made dishes and have some beverages in the fridge and anyone who is invite could bring desserts and more drinks instead of gifts. Moreover if you want any help with the music I could bring my laptop filled with a big collection of music tracks that can satisfy everyone's taste. Also I would suggest a theme party with dressing code. It would be lighten up the mood if everyone is dressed in a graduation uniform. In addition to the above except your closest friends you should also invite your former classmates and teachers. I'm sure they are the people who understand the most the significance of your achievement. I hope my suggestions will help you with the upcoming party. Give my regards to your family and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. Your friend, George